The terms of the 25 March agreement

Gérardin, 1987

p. 45

The Aït Atta “surrendered” to General Huré; “for them, the terms of aman were generous: France respects its adversaries”. No term is detailed.

⚠ Value judgement by a military author, unsupported by the text of the agreement.

Duclos, 1967

p. 23

The last defenders of the Saghro, “led by El Haj Assou Baslam”, “negotiated their submission to the Protectorate regime”.

« ses derniers défenseurs, conduits par El Haj Assou Baslam, aient négocié leur soumission au régime du Protectorat »

Wikipédia (français) — « Bataille de Bougafer »

On 24 March, Assou Oubasslam offered to capitulate in exchange for “a total amnesty, the guarantee that the Glaoui's authority would not extend over his territory and the Aït Atta keeping their weapons”; terms accepted by the Makhzen.

⚠ Attached to Gélard (2003, pp. 149-150), which we could not read. Saulay (1983) confirms the amnesty and the keeping of weapons, but does not mention the Glaoui condition; Hart (1984, p. 185) reports it.

Wikipédia (français) — « Assou Oubasslam »

A list of seven terms “all accepted”: amnesty, Assou kept as chief, no interference by the Glaoui, respect for customs and the azerf, return of confiscated property, exemption from taxes and corvées, protection of Aït Atta women. The section also attributes to Assou a statement for which no source is given.

⚠ Unreferenced list; it contradicts the same page, which mentions Assou's exile shortly after the 25 March agreement.

Wikipedia (English) — « Ait Atta »

After the third defection, Assou Oubasslam and the Ilemchan decided to negotiate; on 25 March they laid down their arms before Huré, Catroux and Giraud. To appease the Aït Atta, the Protectorate legitimately granted them the villages and gardens conquered from neighbouring groups.

⚠ Tertiary synthesis derived from Hart; the contradiction “arms laid down” / “arms kept” remains open.

Saulay, 1983

p. 62

Saulay lists the “aman conditions”: “complete submission to the Maghzen”; census of weapons, which the fighters keep; full amnesty for earlier acts; no confiscation of property; no forced labour beyond legal taxes. Assou is “a little later” appointed amghar n-ufella of the whole confederation.

« pas de confiscation des biens possédés en tribu par les dissidents ; — pas de corvées en dehors des impôts légaux. »

⚠ One of the two consulted sources listing the conditions (with Hart); the text of the agreement itself has not been found. The vocabulary (“submission”, “most generous conditions”) is that of the officers.

Source pages : Hart, 1984, p. 182 · Saulay, 1983, p. 62

Hart, 1984

p. 182-183, 185

Hart translates the terms given by General Huré: “submission” to the Makhzen “in the name of France” (the source's terms), inventory of the weapons the fighters keep, no war fines, complete amnesty, no corvées beyond taxes and no levy of partisans for a year. He adds two conditions set by Assou, without which he would have kept fighting: that the Glawi's authority never extend to the Saghro, and that Aït Atta customary law be fully respected.

« a guarantee from the French that the Glawi's authority would never extend to 'Attaland, or at least to the Saghru, and a further guarantee that 'Atta Customary Law would be integrally respected and upheld. »

⚠ Huré's list as translated by Hart differs from Saulay's (which mentions non-confiscation of property and omits fines and the levy of partisans). Assou's conditions come from Hart, probably from his son's testimony; the text of the agreement has not been found.

Source pages : Hart, 1984, p. 182 · Hart, 1984, p. 185