Archives & Photographs
Library
Several repetitions of the same information are not independent proofs: derived sources are grouped together.
Foucauld's atlas, sheet 16 “Todra” (1:250,000) — Internet Archive (exemplaire du Getty Research Institute), via Wikimedia Commons, Domaine public
137 / 137
- Bibliographic record onlyAcademic researchPriority worksrc-hart-1981
Hart, David Montgomery, Dadda 'Atta and his Forty Grandsons. The Socio-Political Organisation of the Ait 'Atta of Southern Morocco, Cambridge (Royaume-Uni) : Middle East & North African Studies Press (MENAS), 1981, xx + 260 p., 22 fig., 20 photos, 6 cartes.
- Details
- Not consulted. Catalogue records (publisher, pagination, ISBN) and contents known through M. Peyron's review (1982). Another record gives ISBN 978-0-906559-06-2 and publisher “Avalon Publishing”: unresolved discrepancy.
- Licence
- Copyrighted book (author died 2001). No page reproduced.
Texas A&M University Libraries ↗Middle East Institute Library ↗Recherche WorldCat ↗Accessed 2026-11-06· 1 ↩ - Excerpts consultedAcademic researchPriority worksrc-hart-1984
Hart, David Montgomery, The Ait 'Atta of Southern Morocco. Daily Life & Recent History, Wisbech (Royaume-Uni) : Middle East & North African Studies Press (MENAS), 1984, 219 p..
- Details
- Digital copy in the local corpus: photocopy at about 100 dpi bearing the author's dedication to Hassan Aourid. Chapter 5.5-5.7 (pp. 175-186: 1933, Assou u-Ba Slam, Bou Gafr, the Protectorate) read on SAGHRO's OCR; every quotation used was checked on the page image. The rest of the book has not been used yet. In v0.5: pp. 6-13 (organisation, election, oath, demography) read on the OCR.
- ⚖
- Field anthropologist of the Aït Atta; for 1933, Hart combines the writings of French officers (Spillmann, Huré), which he translates, with the testimony of Assou's son, Qaid ʿAli. He distinguishes sources, but does not always state where a detail comes from (e.g. the stone in Bournazel's death).
- Licence
- Copyrighted book. No page reproduced.
- Known through indirect citationsColonial militaryPriority worksrc-spillmann-1936
Spillmann, Georges, Les Aït Atta du Sahara et la pacification du Haut Dra, Publications de l'Institut des Hautes Études Marocaines, XXIX, Rabat : F. Moncho, 1936, 177 p. selon une notice, 171 p. selon une autre.
- Details
- French original not consulted. Known through its citations in Hart (1966, references to pp. 55 and 61; 1967, reference to pp. 73-98) and through its 2007 Arabic translation (see that record).
- ⚖
- Hart (1967) calls it “the best available introduction” despite “numerous defects and inaccuracies in detail”. The author was a Native Affairs officer involved in the policy he describes.
- Licence
- Author died in 1980: protected in France until 2050. No page reproduced.
- Bibliographic record onlyAcademic researchPriority worksrc-wanaim-2024
Wanaim, Mbark, La bataille de Bougafer (11 février-25 mars 1933) : ultime épisode violent de la « pacification » dans le Maroc colonial, Outre-Mers. Revue d'histoire, n° 422-423 (2024/1-2), 2024, 189-202.
- Details
- Record only (title, journal, pagination). Correction: this is a journal article, not a book. The chronological limits in the title (11 February-25 March 1933) are the only information used.
- Licence
- Copyrighted article (Cairn). No reproduction.
- Full text consultedMoroccan presssrc-icipress-2025-ayyur
“Ayyur” تُعيد للقمر وهجه وللهوية الأمازيغية ألقها الفني, icipress (14 novembre 2025), 2025.
- Details
- Article read online on 9 November 2026.
- ⚖
- Unsigned article presenting a music video: it gives neither the band's origin nor its members.
- Licence
- Copyrighted article: reference and brief quotation only.
- Excerpts consultedColonial literaturesrc-revue-livres-bordeaux
[Compte rendu de] Henry Bordeaux, Henry de Bournazel (L'Épopée marocaine), Plon, La Revue des livres (titre abrégé dans le nom du fichier Gallica), [123].
- Details
- Page read on the image supplied (credit “Source gallica.bnf.fr / Bibliothèque nationale de France”). The issue and its date are not legible on the page; the review postdates the book's publication (1935).
- Licence
- Unsigned review digitised by the BnF (Gallica): non-commercial reuse with the credit “Source gallica.bnf.fr / BnF”.
- ↳
- Henry de Bournazel. L'épopée marocaine
- Excerpts consultedAcademic researchsrc-ahda-2001
Ahda, M'hamed, Le droit coutumier des Ait Atta d'Aoufous (Sud-Est marocain), Awal. Cahiers d'études berbères, 24, 2001, 87-117.
- Details
- pp. 87-93, 101, 103, 106 and 112 read in full; pp. 94-117 skimmed in excerpts.
- ⚖
- Publishes the text of a customary code of the Aït Atta of the Rteb without giving, in the pages read, its date or origin. Mentions of francs, of a “judicial djemâa”, of deeds issued in French and of appeals to the customary court of Ksar es-Souk place it under the Protectorate (SAGHRO's inference).
- Licence
- Copyrighted: reference, page and short quotation only.
Accessed 2026-11-08· 5 ↩ - Full text consultedEncyclopedic synthesissrc-wp-en-aitatta
Ait Atta, Wikipedia (English), 2026, rév. 1381562362 (23 octobre 2026).
- Details
- Full article.
- ⚖
- Tertiary synthesis based on Hart, Dunn and Becker. Illustrated with a photograph of another place called Ighrem Amazdar (Beni Tadjit): misattribution.
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-SA 4.0.
- ↳
- Dadda 'Atta and his Forty GrandsonsThe Ait 'Atta of Southern MoroccoBerber Imperialism: the Ait Atta Expansion in Southeast Morocco
- Full text consultedEncyclopedic synthesissrc-wp-fr-aitatta
Aït Atta, Wikipédia (français), 2026, rév. 238989242 (27 août 2026).
- Details
- Full article.
- ⚖
- Tertiary synthesis mainly based on Hart. On the election of the top chief, its wording contradicts Hart (1966): we follow Hart.
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-SA 4.0.
- ↳
- Dadda 'Atta and his Forty GrandsonsThe Ait 'Atta of Southern MoroccoLes Aït Atta du Sahara et la pacification du Haut Dra
- Excerpts consultedMoroccan presssrc-hespress-2026-bougafer-memoire
Aït Hssaine, Mohamed (محمد ايت حساين), ذاكرة معركة بوكافر .. جراح الاستعمار ونداء للعدالة والاعتراف الرسمي, Hespress (25 mars 2026), 2026.
- Details
- Passages on the Resistance museum and the former command headquarters at Ikniouen, read online on 9 November 2026.
- ⚖
- Press report: the information on the museum comes from residents' statements and unnamed “sources”. The article gives no official name, opening date, managing body or collection. It calls the old building both “the Ikniouen caïdat headquarters used by Assou Oubasslam” and “the headquarters of the resistance command”.
- Licence
- Copyrighted press article: reference and brief quotation only.
- Excerpts consultedMoroccan presssrc-hespress-2024-bougafer-91
Aït Hssaine, Mohamed (محمد ايت حساين), 91 سنة على معركة بوكافر .. معقل المقاومة ينتظر اللحاق بركب التنمية, Hespress (10 mars 2024), 2024.
- Details
- Passages on the Resistance museum (residents' statements), read online on 9 November 2026.
- ⚖
- Press report: two residents mention the Resistance museum among projects “already inaugurated” that have “not yet seen the light of day”, and among agreements whose implementation the population demands.
- Licence
- Copyrighted press article: reference and brief quotation only.
- Full text consultedEncyclopedic synthesissrc-wp-en-yafelman
Ait Yafelman, Wikipedia (English), 2026, rév. 1378648884.
- Details
- Full article (revision indicated), examined claim by claim: see the “Wikipedia check” page.
- ⚖
- Tertiary source, never used alone for an important claim.
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-SA 4.0. Summarised and checked claim by claim, not copied.
- Full text consultedEncyclopedic synthesissrc-wp-fr-yafelman
Aït Yafelman, Wikipédia (français), 2026, rév. 234411297.
- Details
- Full article (revision indicated), examined claim by claim: see the “Wikipedia check” page.
- ⚖
- Tertiary source, never used alone for an important claim.
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-SA 4.0. Summarised and checked claim by claim, not copied.
- Full text consultedAcademic researchsrc-hadik-2017
al-Hadik, Qasim (قاسم الحادك), المقاومة النسائية في المغرب من خلال الأشعار الشفوية (La résistance des femmes au Maroc à travers les poèmes oraux), Qaḍāyā tārīkhiyya (قضايا تاريخية), 2 (4), 2017, 72-92.
- Details
- Full text read on 8 November 2026 (open-access PDF, text extracted locally). Part 3 (pp. 79-83) deals with the Bougafer; the verses are given in Arabic translation only, after L. S. Amrani (2000), A. Rakkouk (2004) and M. Boukbout (2005).
- ⚖
- Second-hand academic synthesis on oral poetry: it gives neither the original Amazigh texts nor the conditions of collection, and adopts a heroic register (“epic”, “martyrdom”). It nevertheless gathers Moroccan collections earlier than 2014, independent of Oum Laïd's book.
- Licence
- Open-access article (ASJP); short quotations only.
- Known through indirect citationsMoroccan historiographysrc-amrani-2000
Amrani, Lalla Safiya (لالة صفية العمراني), شاعرات المقاومة المسلحة في الجنوب المغربي (Les poétesses de la résistance armée dans le Sud marocain), Dawr al-mar'a al-maghribiyya fī malḥamat al-istiqlāl wa-l-waḥda (actes de colloque), Haut-Commissariat aux anciens résistants, Rabat, 2000, 173-182 ?.
- Details
- Known from the citations in al-Hadik (2017, notes 29, 35, 36). The author gave two papers on Amazigh resistance poetry in 2000; the verses on Adjou Moh (pp. 177 and 179) probably belong to this one, without certainty.
- Licence
- Copyrighted publication; not consulted.
Accessed 2026-11-08· 1 ↩ - Excerpts consultedEncyclopedic synthesissrc-wp-fr-hure
Antoine Huré, Wikipédia (français), 2026, rév. 240468951 (17 octobre 2026).
- Details
- Introduction and biographical sections up to 1920.
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-SA 4.0.
- Full text consultedAcademic researchsrc-aoudjit-2023
Aoudjit, Abdelkader, From the Heights of the Atlas: A Panorama of Traditional Poetry in Tamazight, Review of Middle East Studies, 56, 2023, 200-218, DOI 10.1017/rms.2023.18.
- Details
- Full article (publisher's PDF).
- ⚖
- General overview of forms (izli, tamawayt…); does not deal specifically with the Ait Atta or with timnaḍin.
- Licence
- Copyrighted article (Cambridge): summary only.
- Full text consultedEncyclopedic synthesissrc-wp-fr-assou
Assou Oubasslam, Wikipédia (français), 2026, rév. 240822222 (29 octobre 2026).
- Details
- Full article.
- ⚖
- Poorly referenced tertiary source (two references, one of them a blog). Several statements are tagged “citation needed”. A declaration attributed to Assou Oubasslam and a list of terms of the agreement appear without verifiable source: they are not repeated here as facts.
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-SA 4.0.
- Full text consultedEncyclopedic synthesissrc-wp-en-assou
Assou Oubasslam, Wikipedia (English), 2026, rév. 1370064159 (18 août 2026).
- Details
- Full article.
- ⚖
- Tertiary source with no references in the revision consulted. Contains unsupported claims (“victory of the resistance”, “systematic genocide”, “4,000 civilian casualties”).
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-SA 4.0.
- Full text consultedAcademic researchsrc-ataaallah-2011
Ataa Allah, Fadoua, Boulaknadel, Siham, Convertisseur pour la langue amazighe : script arabe - latin - tifinaghe, Actes de SITACAM'11, 2011, 15-23.
- Details
- Read in full (local copy). Table 1 (p. 18) gives the Tifinaghe-IRCAM alphabet with its Latin and Arabic correspondences: the site's transliteration table conforms to it, letter by letter (33 characters and the labio-velarisation mark).
- Licence
- Copyrighted publication; short quotations and reference only.
Accessed 2026-11-08· 0 ↩ - Excerpts consultedColonial literaturesrc-press-nimes-1933-06-16
Avis aux officiers et sous-officiers de réserve… (annonce d'une conférence sur le Maroc), Quotidien non identifié (rubrique locale de Nîmes), 1933.
- Details
- Notice read on the image supplied. Date inferred: the page announces an event for “tomorrow, Saturday” and a chamber of commerce meeting on 21 June 1933, hence the issue of Friday 16 June 1933.
- Licence
- Unsigned 1933 notice; image supplied in the project library, not reproduced.
Accessed 2026-11-08· 1 ↩ - Full text consultedOral traditionsrc-azergui-timnadin
Azergui, Lhoussain, Ô soleil, tu n'éclaires plus mon cœur ! La France et la mine dans les chants secrets des femmes Aït Atta, neocultureamazighe.com ; repris par Mouqawamet (2015) et L'Autre Quotidien (2015), 2011.
- Details
- Full text of the 2015 reprint: introduction and 40 timnaḍin (Amazigh in Latin transcription with French translation).
- ⚖
- Collection by a writer from the South-East; performers, exact dates and places of collection are not given. The texts concern the recruitment of miners by Félix Mora (1960s-1970s): they do not date from 1933. The statement that timnaḍin are sung “only” by women is contradicted by Salime (2022).
- Licence
- Texts collected, transcribed and translated by L. Azergui, under copyright: only a few couplets, as short quotations for analysis, with attribution and link.
- Abstract / detailed record consultedOral traditionsrc-bougafer33-film
Baidou, Ahmed (réalisation), Qadery, Mustapha (auteur), Bougafer 33, Stormproduction, 2010.
- Details
- Film page on Africultures (synopsis): the documentary relies on the audio testimony of a French soldier who took part in the operations, on that of two survivors (a man and a woman, children in 1933) and on a manuscript written by a local scholar. The film itself has not been seen.
- Licence
- Copyrighted film. Not viewed.
- Full text consultedEncyclopedic synthesissrc-wp-fr-bougafer
Bataille de Bougafer, Wikipédia (français), 2026, rév. 239399687 (11 septembre 2026).
- Details
- Full article (revision indicated).
- ⚖
- Tertiary source. The article itself flags dubious passages (“80,000 French [dubious information]”, “[reference to be confirmed]”); it places the Saghro in the “High Atlas”, which is geographically inaccurate (the Saghro extends the Anti-Atlas). Casualty figures reported from an unreferenced interview.
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-SA 4.0. Summarised, not copied.
- Full text consultedEncyclopedic synthesissrc-wp-fr-tazizaoute
Bataille de Tazizaoute, Wikipédia (français), 2026, rév. 238030286.
- Details
- Full article (revision indicated), examined claim by claim: see the “Wikipedia check” page.
- ⚖
- Tertiary source, never used alone for an important claim.
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-SA 4.0. Summarised and checked claim by claim, not copied.
- Full text consultedEncyclopedic synthesissrc-wp-es-bougafer
Batalla de Bougafer, Wikipedia (español), 2026, rév. 163948334.
- Details
- Full article (revision indicated), examined claim by claim: see the “Wikipedia check” page.
- ⚖
- Tertiary source, never used alone for an important claim.
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-SA 4.0. Summarised and checked claim by claim, not copied.
- Excerpts consultedColonial militarysrc-beaurpere-1931
Beaurpère (lieutenant), Note provisoire sur les vallées du Todgha, de l'Imider et du Saghro oriental (versants nord et est), Villes et tribus du Maroc, vol. IX (Tribus berbères), 1931, 205-268.
- Details
- Foreword (pp. 205-207), start of the Todgha chapter (p. 208), chapter on the upper valley of the eastern Saghro (pp. 235-238) and table of the Aït Wahlim khoms, read on the image; the other tables skimmed. The note is dated “Kela des Mgouna, 1 April 1930”. The year 1931 comes from the name of the file supplied: the volume's title page is not in the file.
- ⚖
- Report by an officer of the Native Affairs service, written before the conquest of the Saghro, from informants and a few aerial photographs; the author himself admits his figures are imprecise. He openly says this knowledge prepares French settlement.
- Licence
- Copyrighted: reference, page and short quotation only.
Accessed 2026-11-08· 11 ↩ - Known through indirect citationsAcademic researchsrc-becker-2006
Becker, Cynthia J., Amazigh Arts in Morocco: Women Shaping Berber Identity, Austin : University of Texas Press, 2006.
- Details
- Not consulted: cited by encyclopedic syntheses for dress, indigo, jewellery and wedding rites (fieldwork among the Aït Khabbash).
- Licence
- Copyrighted.
Accessed 2026-11-06· 2 ↩ - Full text consultedMoroccan historiographysrc-benadada-1999
Benadada, Assia, Les femmes dans le mouvement nationaliste marocain, Clio. Histoire, femmes et sociétés, 9, 1999, DOI 10.4000/clio.1523.
- Details
- Full article and bibliography; § 6 and note 6 for Bougafer.
- ⚖
- Moroccan historian. The figure of 327 dead including 117 women comes from a 1987 Arabic book (Maazouzi and Alaoui, p. 280) that we could not consult: attributed figure, not verified at source.
- Licence
- Article “all rights reserved” (OpenEdition): short quotation only.
- ↳
- Al-Kifāḥ al-maghribī al-musallaḥ fī ḥalaqāt
- Full text consultedMoroccan presssrc-yabiladi-baddou
Benargane, Yassine, Résistance nationale contre le Protectorat français : Les batailles de Jbel Baddou, Yabiladi, 2025.
- Details
- Full article (update date: 29 December 2025).
- ⚖
- Popular article quoting Peyron and Voinot. It merges two people (“Zayd Ouhmad Ouskounti”): Zayd ou-Skounti, leader at the Baddou, and Zayd ou-Hmad, who died in 1936. Useful for the dates of 25 and 29 August, to be cross-checked.
- Licence
- Copyrighted press article: summary and short attributed quotations.
- ↳
- Résistances para-nationales chez les Ayt Sokhman et Ayt Yafelman dans le Haut Atlas marocain (1929-1933)Sur les traces glorieuses des pacificateurs du Maroc
- Full text consultedForeign presssrc-vaderland-1933-08-22
Bloedige pacificatie van Marokko. Een communistisch bericht, Het Vaderland : staat- en letterkundig nieuwsblad (La Haye), 22 août 1933, édition du soir, 1933, p. 5.
- Details
- Whole item read on the image of page 5 (cropped from the KB's ALTO coordinates), on 8 November 2026.
- ⚖
- Reprint of a Reuter dispatch from Paris relaying L'Humanité: same text in three newspapers, a single line of evidence.
- Licence
- Anonymous 1932-1933 agency dispatch, in the public domain; facsimile on Delpher (KB). Quotation and working translation by SAGHRO.
- ↳
- L'Humanité (article cité par une dépêche Reuter du 22 août 1933)
- Excerpts consultedColonial literaturesrc-bordeaux-1935
Bordeaux, Henry, Henry de Bournazel. L'épopée marocaine, Paris : Les Petits-Fils de Plon et Nourrit, 1935.
- Details
- Digital copy in the local corpus (360 pages): title page read; account of Bou Gafer read on pp. 322-328 (see the evidence register).
- ⚖
- Hagiographic biography by an Academician, two years after the events; probably the origin of many details later repeated about Bournazel's death.
- Licence
- Author died in 1963: protected work. No reproduction.
- Full text consultedMoroccan presssrc-amadal-2024-titaou
Boudra, Nadia (نادية بودرة), إسماعيل تيتاو: صوت شاب من الجنوب الشرقي يحيي التراث الأمازيغي, Amadal Amazigh (15 juin 2024), 2024.
- Details
- Article read online on 9 November 2026.
- ⚖
- Press portrait: the artist's career, titles and intentions, without critical analysis.
- Licence
- Copyrighted article: reference and brief quotation only.
- Full text consultedEncyclopedic synthesissrc-wp-fr-bougafer33
Bougafer 33, Wikipédia (français), 2025, rév. 223518401 (2 mars 2025).
- Details
- Full article.
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-SA 4.0.
- Known through indirect citationsMoroccan historiographysrc-bokbot-2005
Boukbout, Mohamed (محمد بوكبوط), مقاومة الهوامش الصحراوية للاستعمار 1880-1938 (La résistance des marges sahariennes à la colonisation, 1880-1938), Rabat : Dar Abi Raqraq, 2005.
- Details
- Known from al-Hadik (2017), who dates it 2005, and from Youssefi (2020), who dates it 2015 (reprint?). Page 146: chant on the Bougafer, after the account of al-Hajj Lahcen and Hammad Boukbout (Erfoud).
- Licence
- Copyrighted publication; not consulted.
Accessed 2026-11-08· 0 ↩ - Full text consultedAcademic researchsrc-bounfour-1989
Bounfour, Abdallah, Peut-on faire des vers sous les bombes ?, Revue du monde musulman et de la Méditerranée, 51, 1989, 91-99, DOI 10.3406/remmm.1989.2271.
- Details
- Full text (9 pages).
- ⚖
- Literary analysis of a corpus of Amazigh poems collected in 1936-1938 by Jean Robichez, mostly among the Aït Sokhman: most poems do not come from the Aït Atta. The chronology given in the introduction (“15 February to 24 March”) is a landmark, not a study of the operations.
- Licence
- Copyrighted article, freely readable on Persée. Short quotations for analysis.
- ↳
- Article sur la poésie berbère de l'Atlas central (titre non vérifié)
- Full text consultedForeign presssrc-africa-1933-n100
Carrasco Téllez, J., Crónica mensual de la Zona francesa, África. Revista de Tropas Coloniales (Ceuta), época II, n° 100 (avril 1933), 1933, p. 73.
- Details
- Table of contents and page 73 (whole article) read on the Simurg IIIF images on 8 November 2026.
- ⚖
- Opinion chronicle written in Casablanca; it gives no detail of the fighting and is concerned with the consequences for Spain.
- Licence
- Signed article, author's date of death unknown: short quotation only, no reproduction.
- Bibliographic record onlyColonial militarysrc-mae-1ma285
Centre des archives diplomatiques de Nantes, Fiches et notices de tribus. Direction de l'Intérieur de la Résidence générale de France au Maroc, [1910] 1912-1956. 1MA/285. Répertoire numérique détaillé, Nantes : Ministère des Affaires étrangères, 2016.
- Details
- Title page read. It is an inventory: it points to archive files without reproducing them.
- Licence
- Finding aid; reuse conditions not stated.
Accessed 2026-11-07· 0 ↩ - Bibliographic record onlyColonial militarysrc-chambe-tindouf
Chambe, René, Tindouf et la pacification du Maroc, 1956.
- Details
- First and last pages read (title, signature). The year “c. 1956” is inferred from the text (“twenty-two years ago”).
- Licence
- Original journal not identified; no reproduction.
Accessed 2026-11-07· 0 ↩ - Bibliographic record onlyMoroccan historiographysrc-chtatou
Chtatou, Mohamed, La bataille de Bougafer (1933) : résistance des Aït Atta et signification dans l'histoire du mouvement national marocain, Amadal Amazigh / Oulemag.
- Details
- Title and indexed snippet: the battle is said to be little present in nationalist discourse and the lack of local sources to complicate its study. Text not read.
- Licence
- Copyrighted.
- Bibliographic record onlyColonial literaturesrc-clerisse
Clérisse, Henry, Le Sous mystérieux. La dernière étape de la pacification du Maroc.
- Details
- Excerpt distributed by Numilog (28 pages): title page read. The full book is not in the corpus.
- Licence
- “All rights of translation, reproduction and adaptation” reserved.
Accessed 2026-11-07· 0 ↩ - Full text consultedEncyclopedic synthesissrc-wp-fr-dadda
Dadda Atta, Wikipédia (français), 2026, rév. 231340331.
- Details
- Full article (revision indicated), examined claim by claim: see the “Wikipedia check” page.
- ⚖
- Tertiary source, never used alone for an important claim.
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-SA 4.0. Summarised and checked claim by claim, not copied.
- Full text consultedMoroccan presssrc-mwn-2024-agdal
Daoudi, Asmae, Meteor Airlines Unveils AGDAL Album in Celebration of the Amazigh New Year 2974, Morocco World News (14 janvier 2024), 2024.
- Details
- Article read online on 9 November 2026.
- ⚖
- Press article on the release of the Agdal album, quoting the band's manager; project supported by a US cultural fund.
- Licence
- Copyrighted article: reference and brief quotation only.
- Full text consultedEncyclopedic synthesissrc-wp-en-hart
David Montgomery Hart, Wikipedia (English), 2026, rév. 1340052217 (23 février 2026).
- Details
- Full article.
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-SA 4.0.
- Full text consultedForeign presssrc-locomotief-1932-12-01
De Franschen in Marokko. Militaire Penetratie, De Locomotief (Semarang), n° 280, 1er décembre 1932, 1932, p. 5.
- Details
- Whole item read on the image of page 5 (cropped from the KB's ALTO coordinates), on 8 November 2026.
- ⚖
- Havas dispatch relayed by the Aneta agency (Dutch East Indies): French official communiqué, no independent information.
- Licence
- Anonymous 1932-1933 agency dispatch, in the public domain; facsimile on Delpher (KB). Quotation and working translation by SAGHRO.
- Bibliographic record onlyAcademic researchsrc-denglos-2018
Denglos, Guillaume, Juin. Le maréchal africain, Paris : Belin / Humensis, 2018.
- Details
- Bibliographic record verified; content not consulted.
- ⚖
- Biography of Juin cited by Wikipedia for 20 and 28 February 1933 and Juin's mission; not read.
- Licence
- Protected work: record and link only; no page reproduced.
· 0 ↩ - Bibliographic record onlyAcademic researchsrc-ditolla-2022
Di Tolla, Anna Maria, Symbologie, imaginaire social et dynamiques narratives des femmes amazighes dans quelques textes oraux des Ayt Khebbach (Sud-Est marocain), Faits de langue et société, 8, 2022, 79-93.
- Details
- Digital copy in the local corpus: title page and colophon read for identification; content not yet used.
- Licence
- Licence not stated in the pages read.
Accessed 2026-11-07· 0 ↩ - Full text consultedAcademic researchsrc-ditolla-2016
Di Tolla, Anna Maria, Un document sur le droit coutumier des Ayt ʿAṭṭa du Rteb (Tafilalet – Sud-Est du Maroc), Études et Documents Berbères, 35-36, 2016, 175-191, DOI 10.3917/edb.035.0175.
- Details
- Article read in full on the Cairn PDF (pp. 175-188 entirely, bibliography in excerpts). The pagination “53-” previously given was wrong: the article occupies pp. 175-191 of no. 35-36.
- ⚖
- Presents and translates (a translation the author calls “preliminary”) a shurūṭ manuscript of the Izulayn of Zouala (Rteb), shown in 2010 by a family of the qsar. The manuscript is not dated in the article.
- Licence
- Copyrighted article.
- Full text consultedEncyclopedic synthesissrc-wp-fr-saghro
Djebel Saghro, Wikipédia (français), 2026, rév. 235013626 (10 avril 2026).
- Details
- Full article.
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-SA 4.0.
- Full text consultedColonial militarysrc-bel-madani-photos
Double page de photographies légendées consacrées au lieutenant Bel Madani (publication non identifiée), Fichiers « Bel_Madani_1.jpg » et « Bel_Madani_2.jpg » (scan de 2013), bibliothèque du projet, après 1933.
- Details
- Printed captions read on the images.
- ⚖
- Photographs taken and captioned on the French army's side: they name the officers and the interpreter, never the Aït Atta photographed, except Assou.
- Licence
- Images supplied by the project owner; original publication not identified.
Accessed 2026-11-08· 1 ↩ - Excerpts consultedAcademic researchsrc-duclos-1967
Duclos, Louis-Jean, Note sur l'organisation judiciaire des Ait 'Atta dans la vallée de l'oued Dra', Revue de l'Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée, 4, 1967, 23-31, DOI 10.3406/remmm.1967.962.
- Details
- Pages 23 to 26 (context of the 1952-1953 inquiry in the Zagora district, the tata institution, tribal structure).
- ⚖
- Observations by a Protectorate administrator-scholar, collected some twenty years after 1933; the author reconstructs the procedure through a “fictitious concrete case”.
- Licence
- Copyrighted article, freely readable on Persée.
- Known through indirect citationsAcademic researchsrc-dunn-1973
Dunn, Ross E., Berber Imperialism: the Ait Atta Expansion in Southeast Morocco, Gellner, E. & Micaud, C. (dir.), Arabs and Berbers. From Tribe to Nation in North Africa, Londres : Duckworth, 1973, 85-107.
- Details
- Not consulted: cited by encyclopedic syntheses and by the modern map of the Aït Atta expansion (Commons).
- Licence
- Copyrighted. Not reproduced.
Accessed 2026-11-06· 1 ↩ - Full text consultedForeign presssrc-africa-1933-n99
Ecos. Un nuevo avance militar en la Zona Francesa, África. Revista de Tropas Coloniales (Ceuta), época II, n° 99 (mars 1933), 1933, p. 60.
- Details
- Table of contents and pages 59-60 read on the Simurg IIIF images on 8 November 2026.
- ⚖
- Review of Spanish military Africanism: colonial viewpoint, favourable to the French army; its information on the fighting comes from French official communication.
- Licence
- Unsigned 1933 text; CSIC digital copy (Biblioteca Tomás Navarro Tomás) under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0: crop reproduced under the same licence.
- Full text consultedMoroccan presssrc-amadal-2024-tenalt
El Jamii, Kheireddine (خيرالدين الجامعي), ايدر تنالت: المهرجانات تقزم الفن الأمازيغي وتحصره في خانة الفولكلور, Amadal Amazigh (6 avril 2024), 2024.
- Details
- Article read online on 9 November 2026.
- ⚖
- Interview: the band's themes and commitment are described by its founder himself.
- Licence
- Copyrighted article: reference and brief quotation only.
- Full text consultedMoroccan presssrc-ennassiri-2020
Ennassiri, Rachid, Meteor Airlines Band Releases New Amazigh Song Commemorating the Battle of Bougafer, Amazigh World News, 2020.
- Details
- Article of 14 February 2020 read in full. It announces “Warru”, a song by the south-eastern rock band Meteor Airlines, for the anniversary of 13 February 1933; according to the article, it reworks “the songs of the collective memory sung in 1933” over original music. The lyrics are not quoted; no video was consulted.
- Licence
- Online press article; link only.
- Identified, not accessibleColonial militarysrc-shd-giraud
Fonds du général Giraud et archives des opérations du Maroc (1932-1934), Vincennes : Service historique de la Défense.
- Details
- Not consulted. The brief mentions a Giraud collection covering the Saghro (February-March 1933) and the Baddou (August 1933); online we only found a GR 5 P record (“Général Giraud's private staff”) without dates or content, and the call number 3 H 312 (“La Pacification de l'Atlas central”) cited by Wikipedia. Presence of 1933 documents not verified.
- ⚖
- Priority primary source for a future version: operation reports, unit diaries, maps.
- Licence
- Public archives, consultable on site.
- Excerpts consultedColonial literaturesrc-foucauld-1888
Foucauld, Charles de, Reconnaissance au Maroc, 1883-1884. Ouvrage illustré de 4 photogravures et 101 dessins d'après les croquis de l'auteur — avec Atlas, Paris : Challamel et Cie, 1888.
- Details
- Atlas examined sheet by sheet (30 pages); sheets 15 (“Dâdes”) and 16 (“Todra”) reproduced. The text volume was not used in this version.
- ⚖
- Route survey by a disguised traveller in 1883-1884: precise along his route, silent elsewhere. Engraved longitudes are offset from modern positions.
- Licence
- Public domain (author died 1916). Copy digitised by the Internet Archive (Getty Research Institute), redistributed on Wikimedia Commons.
- Bibliographic record onlyAcademic researchsrc-gelard-2003
Gélard, Marie-Luce, Le Pilier de la tente. Rituels et représentations de l'honneur chez les Aït Khebbach (Tafilalt), Paris : Éditions de la MSH, 2003.
- Details
- Record verified (Open Library); pp. 149-151, cited by Wikipedia for the 1933 forces and terms, could not be read (Google Books blocks automated access).
- ⚖
- Ethnology of the Aït Khebbach. The only source cited by Wikipedia for the figure of 12,000; the Glaoui condition is also reported by Hart (1984, p. 185).
- Licence
- Protected work: record and link only; no page reproduced.
· 0 ↩ - Bibliographic record onlyAcademic researchsrc-gelard-eb-2015
Gélard, Marie-Luce, Pacte (Aït Atta, Sud marocain), Encyclopédie berbère, 37, Peeters, 2015, 6019-6026, DOI 10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.3258.
- Details
- Digital copy in the local corpus: title page and colophon read for identification; content not yet used.
- Licence
- “All rights reserved” (OpenEdition PDF, p. 1). Short quotations only.
- Full text consultedAcademic researchsrc-gelard-2004
Gélard, Marie-Luce, Protection par le sang et accord par le lait. Pacte d'alliance et de colactation dans la tribu des Aït Khebbach (Sud-Est marocain), Études rurales, 169-170, 2004, 9-28.
- Details
- Author's version deposited on HAL, read in full: PDF pp. 2-13 entirely, pp. 14-20 in excerpts. This version lacks the journal's page numbers: references give the PDF page.
- ⚖
- Fieldwork conducted from 1995 to 2000 among the Aït Khebbach, an Aït Atta group of the Tafilalet. The author separates her observations from colonial literature, which she quotes with reservations.
- Licence
- Copyrighted: reference, page and short quotation only.
Accessed 2026-11-08· 3 ↩ - Known through indirect citationsAcademic researchsrc-gellner-1963
Gellner, Ernest, Saints of the Atlas, Pitt-Rivers, J. (dir.), Mediterranean Countrymen, Paris / La Haye : Mouton, 1963, 145-157.
- Details
- Known through Hart (1966, p. 94, n. 9), who borrows from it the phrase “rotation and complementarity” (pp. 154-157).
- Licence
- Copyrighted.
Accessed 2026-11-06· 1 ↩ - Full text consultedEncyclopedic synthesissrc-wp-fr-spillmann
Georges Spillmann, Wikipédia (français), 2026, rév. 233411769 (18 février 2026).
- Details
- Full article.
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-SA 4.0.
- Full text consultedColonial militarysrc-gerardin-1987
Gérardin, Jacques, Il y a cinquante ans au Sarhro, Revue historique des Armées, 166, 1987, 42-45, DOI 10.3406/rharm.1987.6565.
- Details
- Full text of all four pages (pp. 42-45), including the captions of the author's photographs.
- ⚖
- Highly detailed military narrative (units, times, officers' names) published for the fiftieth anniversary in the French army's historical journal. Commemorative tone favourable to the French army; period vocabulary (“dissidents”); gives no figures for Aït Atta losses. No footnoted sources.
- Licence
- Copyrighted article, freely readable on Persée. Pages are not reproduced here: read them in the Persée viewer.
- Full text consultedForeign presssrc-hetvolk-1933-08-22
Groote verliezen in Marokko. Cijfers van de „Humanité”, Het Volk : dagblad voor de arbeiderspartij (Amsterdam), n° 12269, 22 août 1933, édition du soir, 1933, p. 2.
- Details
- Whole item read on the image of page 2 (cropped from the KB's ALTO coordinates), on 8 November 2026.
- ⚖
- Reprint of a Reuter dispatch from Paris relaying L'Humanité: same text in three newspapers, a single line of evidence.
- Licence
- Anonymous 1932-1933 agency dispatch, in the public domain; facsimile on Delpher (KB). Quotation and working translation by SAGHRO.
- ↳
- L'Humanité (article cité par une dépêche Reuter du 22 août 1933)
- Known through indirect citationsColonial militarysrc-guillaume-1946
Guillaume, Augustin (général), Les Berbères marocains et la pacification de l'Atlas central (1912-1933), Paris : Julliard, 1946.
- Details
- Not consulted: cited in the bibliography of the Wikipedia article “Pacification du Maroc”. A priority source for a later version.
- Licence
- Copyrighted.
- Excerpts consultedAcademic researchsrc-hamdane-2011
Hamdane, Mohamed, Expressions idiomatiques en tamazight (parler des Aït Atta). Quelques perspectives anthropologiques, Fès : Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, FLSH Saïs-Fès, 2011.
- Details
- Dissertation read on 8 November 2026, except the theoretical framework (PDF pp. 9-13 and 18-21): introduction and method (pp. 2-8), typology of expressions (pp. 14-17), corpus analysis (pp. 22-44: loom, hand mill, given word, liver, heart, eye, face, hand, head, animals, directions, dimensions, colours), conclusion, bibliography and appendix (pp. 45-57). The author is a first-language speaker of Aït Atta Tamazight; the corpus is transcribed in the IRCAM Latin alphabet, with literal translation and meaning.
- ⚖
- BA dissertation (2010-2011), supervised by M. Azougarh.
- Licence
- Unpublished BA dissertation: author's rights.
Accessed 2026-11-07· 0 ↩ - Full text consultedAcademic researchsrc-hart-eb-1989
Hart, David M., Morin-Barde, M., Trecolle, G., 'Atta (Ayt), Encyclopédie berbère, 7, 1989, 1026-1032, DOI 10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.1214.
- Details
- Full entry (§§ 1-20): history, way of life, political organisation and customary law.
- ⚖
- Synthesis by the main ethnographer of the Aït Atta: it makes it possible to check, in open access, several points of his books of 1981 and 1984. Some dated wording is not reused, including a racist designation of Black populations and the word “pillage” applied to the Aït Atta.
- Licence
- “The text alone may be used under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence. Other elements (illustrations, imported files) are ‘All rights reserved’ unless stated otherwise.” (OpenEdition PDF, p. 1). SAGHRO reproduces text pages only, unmodified.
- ↳
- Dadda 'Atta and his Forty Grandsons
- Full text consultedAcademic researchsrc-hart-1978
Hart, David M., Notes on the socio-political structure and institutions of two tribes of the Ait Yafalman confederacy: the Ait Murghad and the Ait Hadiddu, Revue de l'Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée, 26, 1978, 55-74, DOI 10.3406/remmm.1978.1824.
- Details
- Full article via Persée; pp. 56-58 for genealogies and the formation of the Ait Yafelman.
- ⚖
- First-hand fieldwork. Hart describes descent from Goliath as a claim “now generally abandoned or forgotten” and states he “certainly never heard” the tradition of the six sons of 'Atta among the Ait Atta.
- Licence
- Copyrighted article, freely readable on Persée: short quotations and summary only.
- Excerpts consultedAcademic researchsrc-hart-1966
Hart, David Montgomery, A customary law document from the Ait 'Atta of the Jbil Saghru, Revue de l'Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée, 1, 1966, 91-112, DOI 10.3406/remmm.1966.913.
- Details
- Pages 91 to 102 read in full (introduction on Igharm Amazdar, institutions, first four pages of the qânûn and notes). Pages 103-112 not used in this version.
- ⚖
- Field ethnography (manuscript photographed in September 1961 at Igharm Amazdar). A major academic source; information on earlier periods rests on informants' statements and on Spillmann (1936).
- Licence
- Copyrighted article (author died 2001), freely readable on Persée. Short quotations only.
- Excerpts consultedAcademic researchsrc-hart-1967
Hart, David Montgomery, Segmentary systems and the role of "five fifths" in tribal Morocco, Revue de l'Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée, 3, 1967, 65-95, DOI 10.3406/remmm.1967.945.
- Details
- Passages on the Aït Atta (pp. 82-84): Dadda 'Atta, khams khmas, role of the top chief, critical assessment of Spillmann (1936). The table of the “five fifths” is an image that was not transcribed.
- Licence
- Copyrighted article, freely readable on Persée.
- Full text consultedEncyclopedic synthesissrc-wp-fr-bournazel
Henri de Bournazel, Wikipédia (français), 2026, rév. 239467469 (13 septembre 2026).
- Details
- Full article.
- ⚖
- Tertiary source largely derived from hagiographic literature (Bordeaux 1935 and biographies of the 1940s-1950s).
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-SA 4.0.
- ↳
- Henry de Bournazel. L'épopée marocaine
- Known through indirect citationsColonial militarysrc-henry-1937
Henry, R. (capitaine), Une tribu de transhumants du Grand Atlas : les Aït Morrhad, Paris : Centre des hautes études d'administration musulmane (CHEAM), mémoire n° 147, 1937.
- Details
- Known through Peyron (EB 31) and Wikipedia.
- ⚖
- Paper by a Native Affairs officer posted among the Ait Merghad after 1933.
- Licence
- Protected work: record and link only; no page reproduced.
· 0 ↩ - Abstract / detailed record consultedMoroccan historiographysrc-maroc-ma
Histoire du Maroc — Dates clés, Portail national du Royaume du Maroc (maroc.ma).
- Details
- Entry “February-March 1933” as indexed by a search engine (the site could not be loaded directly): battle of Bougafer, end of the Aït Atta resistance (“surrender” in the source) after several weeks of resistance to a strict blockade supported by aviation.
- Licence
- Institutional text. Summarised.
- Abstract / detailed record consultedColonial militarysrc-tirailleurs-goum
Historique d'unité — goums marocains (fonds numérisés), les-tirailleurs.fr.
- Details
- Indexed snippet only: the 14th goum was reportedly engaged in the Sagho operations from 12 February to 25 March 1933. Document not opened (site outside our access).
- Licence
- Digitised archival document; reuse conditions not verified.
- Full text consultedAcademic researchsrc-hoffman-2013
Hoffman, Katherine E., Le droit coutumier amazigh au Maroc, Perspectives (Institut d'études avancées de Nantes), 9, 2013, 3-5.
- Details
- Article read in full.
- ⚖
- Based on customary-court registers of the Anti-Atlas (1930-1956) and interviews from 2009-2011: a different field from the Aït Atta country, used here for comparison.
- Licence
- Copyrighted: reference, page and short quotation only.
Accessed 2026-11-08· 3 ↩ - Known through indirect citationsColonial militarysrc-hure-1952
Huré, Antoine, La Pacification du Maroc. Dernière étape : 1931-1934, Paris : Berger-Levrault, 1952.
- Details
- Known through Saulay (1983), who quotes it, Peyron's bibliography (2013) and Hart's English translations (1984).
- ⚖
- Account by the commander-in-chief of the 1933 operations (Bougafer and Baddou): a major primary source, partial by construction. To be consulted first.
- Licence
- Protected work: record and link only; no page reproduced.
· 0 ↩ - Known through indirect citationsAcademic researchsrc-gerlings-1955
Jager Gerlings, J. H., Jongmans, D. J., The Ait Atta. From Nomadic to Settled Life, Amsterdam : Royal Tropical Institute, 1955.
- Details
- Known through Hart (1967, p. 82, n. 27), who criticises its thesis and “extremely superficial” coverage.
- Licence
- Not consulted.
Accessed 2026-11-06· 1 ↩ - Identified, not accessibleColonial literaturesrc-ouarzazate-site
Jebel Sagho (site « Ouarzazate 1928-1956 »), ouarzazate-1928-1956.fr (site associatif mémoriel), 2016.
- Details
- The server did not respond (two attempts, 7 November 2026).
- ⚖
- Memorial site of former residents; main source for the order of battle and the 14-15 February episodes in Wikipedia: claims unverified until its own sources are identified.
- Licence
- Protected work: record and link only; no page reproduced.
View source ↗· 0 ↩ - Excerpts consultedAcademic researchsrc-kagermeier
Kagermeier, Andreas, Les postes militaires du Maroc méridional : de sites de la conquête à des places centrales dynamiques.
- Details
- PDF pp. 1-6 read in full, pp. 7-16 in excerpts. The year of publication is not legible in the file (data cited up to 2012).
- ⚖
- Useful for the transformation of military posts into towns. Two claims are not adopted: a “battle of Bougafer (13 February 1933)” and a “massacre of the population”, put forward without sources; some illustrations come from YouTube and a personal website.
- Licence
- Copyrighted: reference, page and short quotation only.
Accessed 2026-11-08· 1 ↩ - Excerpts consultedMoroccan presssrc-tinghirinfo-2016-bougafer-83
Kamal Mohamed (كمال محمد), تنغير : الذكرى 83 لمعركة بوﮔـافر الخالدة, Tinghir Info (23 mars 2016), 2016.
- Details
- List of recommendations, read online on 9 November 2026.
- ⚖
- Opinion piece by a student on a local news site: it recommends building a museum of the Resistance and the Liberation Army, without mentioning any project under way.
- Licence
- Copyrighted press article: reference and brief quotation only.
- Known through indirect citationsForeign presssrc-humanite-1933-08
L'Humanité (article cité par une dépêche Reuter du 22 août 1933), L'Humanité, Paris, 1933.
- Details
- Known only through the Reuter dispatch reprinted on 22 August 1933 by Het Volk, Het Vaderland and De Tijd. Gallica refuses automated requests: the original article remains to be read.
- ⚖
- Daily of the French Communist Party, opposed to the colonial war: campaigning estimates, unsourced in the dispatch.
- Licence
- Not consulted.
- Bibliographic record onlyColonial militarysrc-lachapelle-1931
La Chapelle, Frédéric de, Le sultan Moulay Isma'il et les Berbères Sanhaja du Maroc central, Archives marocaines, 28, 1931.
- Details
- Digital copy in the local corpus: title page and colophon read for identification; content not yet used.
- Licence
- Author's date of death not established; no reproduction.
- Excerpts consultedColonial literaturesrc-press-1933-03-27
Le dernier bastion du Sagho s'est rendu hier à nos troupes, Quotidien parisien (fichier nommé « Figaro » ; titre non visible sur l'extrait), 1933.
- Details
- Article read on the image supplied. Date inferred: the same page reports the France-Germany rugby match “which we saw yesterday”, hence the issue of 27 March 1933; the dispatch is dated “Casablanca, 26 March”.
- Licence
- Unsigned 1933 dispatch; image supplied in the project library, not reproduced until its origin is identified.
Accessed 2026-11-08· 1 ↩ - Bibliographic record onlyAcademic researchsrc-lefebure-1987
Lefébure, Claude, Ayt Khebbach du Sud-Est pré-saharien : réorienter le vouloir-vivre collectif, Bulletin économique et social du Maroc, 159-161, 1987.
- Details
- Digital copy in the local corpus: title page and colophon read for identification; content not yet used.
- Licence
- In-copyright article. Short quotations only.
Accessed 2026-11-07· 0 ↩ - Full text consultedMoroccan historiographysrc-lematin-baddou-2021
Les batailles de Jbel Baddou en 1933, une épopée glorieuse de la lutte nationale pour s'affranchir du joug colonial, Le Matin (dépêche MAP / Haut-Commissariat aux anciens résistants), 2021.
- Details
- Full dispatch (27 December 2021).
- ⚖
- Official commemorative statement: it sets out the national narrative (three military groups advancing on Aghbalou n-Kerdous from late July 1933; leaders Zaïd Ouskounti and Ali Outarmoune) without references.
- Licence
- Copyrighted press article: summary and short attributed quotations.
- Excerpts consultedAcademic researchsrc-lguensat-2011
Lguensat, Mohammed, Aménagement graphique de tifinaghe. Les questionnements relatifs à l'adaptation cursive et à l'optimalisation visuelle de la graphie amazighe, Rabat : Institut royal de la culture amazighe (CEISIC), Études et recherches n° 28, 2011.
- Details
- Local copy (326 pp.). Read: contents and §§ 1.2-1.3 (printed pp. 36-41): criteria of Tifinaghe-IRCAM, 33 graphemes, left-to-right writing, conventional spaces and punctuation, Arabic numerals; italics exist only as “false italics” generated by software for want of a complete type family.
- Licence
- Copyrighted publication; short quotations and reference only.
Accessed 2026-11-08· 0 ↩ - Known through indirect citationsMoroccan historiographysrc-maazouzi-1987
Maazouzi, Mohamed, Alaoui, Hachem, Al-Kifāḥ al-maghribī al-musallaḥ fī ḥalaqāt, Rabat : Maṭābiʿ al-Anbāʾ, 1987.
- Details
- Known through note 6 of Benadada (1999), citing p. 280.
- ⚖
- Militant history of the resistance; to be consulted first to verify the origin of the 327 dead figure.
- Licence
- Protected work: record and link only; no page reproduced.
· 0 ↩ - Abstract / detailed record consultedMoroccan presssrc-allafrica-2026
Maroc : Célébration du 93ème anniversaire de la glorieuse bataille de Bougafer, allAfrica (reprise de dépêche), 2026.
- Details
- Title, date (2 April 2026) and indexed snippet: the battle is presented as one of the flagship episodes of the national struggle.
- Licence
- Copyrighted press article.
- Bibliographic record onlyAcademic researchsrc-mauri-stroomer-2017
Mauri, Simone, Stroomer, Harry, A folktale in ayt Atta berber (South-East Morocco), Études et Documents Berbères, 38, 2017, 117-133, DOI 10.3917/edb.038.0117.
- Details
- Digital copy in the local corpus: title page and colophon read for identification; content not yet used.
- Licence
- Reproduction limited to Cairn.info's terms of use.
Accessed 2026-11-07· 0 ↩ - Full text consultedOral traditionsrc-mellou-2023
Mellou, Mustapha (مصطفى ملو), أشبع المغاربة قتلاً قبل اغتياله.. قصة بورنازيل أشهر جندي فرنسي بالمغرب, Arabic Post (opinions), 2023.
- Details
- Opinion piece of 19 March 2023, read in full. The author reports a family account (his mother, after her own mother, who was present at the events) and cites two articles: M. Oum Laïd (Hespress) and I. Bâali, bulletin of the High Commission for Former Resistance Fighters for the 65th anniversary of the Bougafer.
- Licence
- Online opinion piece; summary and link only.
- Full text consultedEncyclopedic synthesissrc-wp-en-meteor-airlines
Meteor Airlines, Wikipedia (anglais), version consultée le 9 novembre 2026, 2026.
- Details
- Article read online on 9 November 2026.
- ⚖
- Tertiary source: the band's formation, discography and themes, with few references.
- Licence
- Text CC BY-SA 4.0. Summarised, not copied.
- Bibliographic record onlyMoroccan presssrc-meteor-2020
Meteor Airlines Band Releases New Amazigh Song Commemorating the Battle of Bougafer, Amazigh World News, 2020.
- Details
- Title and summary seen via a search engine; article and song not consulted.
- ⚖
- Contemporary musical creation (2020) presented as reworking songs of Ait Atta women from 1933: unverified claim; to be classed among contemporary memory creations.
- Licence
- Article and song under copyright: link only.
View source ↗· 0 ↩ - Known through indirect citationsColonial militarysrc-montagnon-2012
Montagnon, Pierre, L'armée d'Afrique. De 1830 à l'indépendance de l'Algérie, Paris : Pygmalion, 2012, 261-277 (chap. XX, « Le dur baroud marocain »).
- Details
- Not consulted: cited in Wikipedia bibliographies (Saghro, Bournazel).
- Licence
- Copyrighted.
Accessed 2026-11-06· 0 ↩ - Bibliographic record onlyAcademic researchsrc-niaaskalen-2023
Niaaskalen, Driss, Les conflits pastoraux dans le Haut Atlas central marocain (première partie). Conditions de la mobilisation : structures sociales et environnement sociopolitique, Social and Media Studies Institute, 2023, DOI 10.5281/zenodo.8102921.
- Details
- Digital copy in the local corpus: title page and colophon read for identification; content not yet used.
- Licence
- Licence not stated in the PDF.
Accessed 2026-11-07· 0 ↩ - Full text consultedGeographic datasrc-openlibrary
Open Library — notices des ouvrages de David M. Hart, Internet Archive, 2026.
- Details
- Records for Dadda 'Atta and his Forty Grandsons (1981; ISBN 0-906559-06-5 and 0-906559-07-3, 260 pp.) and The Ait 'Atta of Southern Morocco (1984; ISBN 0-906559-15-4, 219 pp.).
- ⚖
- Used to correct the wrong years and ISBNs found in Wikipedia.
- Licence
- Open catalogue data.
- Full text consultedGeographic datasrc-osm
OpenStreetMap — nœuds et objets géographiques du Jbel Saghro, Contributeurs OpenStreetMap (via Nominatim et Overpass API), 2026.
- Details
- Overpass queries (peaks, passes, named places within 30.6-31.8 N / 6.6-4.8 W) and Nominatim (administrative centres).
- Licence
- Data under ODbL — © OpenStreetMap contributors.
- Abstract / detailed record consultedAcademic researchsrc-ouguaour-2021
Ouguaour, Saadia, Les chants de femmes chez les Aït Atta de Ouaouizeght. Étude thématique et rythmique, Thèse de doctorat en littérature (CED « Langues, Patrimoine et Aménagement du Territoire »), sous la direction de Fouad Saa ; soutenue le 6 janvier 2021, 2021.
- Details
- Title page and contents read (4 pages online). Two chapters deal with the wedding songs of the Aït Atta of Ouaouizeght (Middle Atlas), at the bride's and at the groom's; nothing indicates any treatment of the Saghro or the Bougafer.
- Licence
- Copyrighted thesis; only the title page and contents are online.
- Excerpts consultedAcademic researchsrc-oukhouya
Oukhouya Ali, Lahcen, L'étude sémio-anthropologique de « Les Aït Atta du Sahara et la pacification du Haut Drâa » de Georges Spilmann.
- Details
- Excerpts of every page (16 pp.). Year not stated in the text read.
- ⚖
- A theoretical essay that cites no page of Spillmann's book: its descriptions of that book's content are not adopted as facts; only its reading framework is cited, as interpretation.
- Licence
- Copyrighted: reference, page and short quotation only.
Accessed 2026-11-08· 2 ↩ - Full text consultedMoroccan presssrc-oumlaid-hespress-2016
Oum Laïd, Maïmoun (ميمون أم العيد), عدجو موح .. قصة "لبؤة غاضبة" قتلت 40 فرنسيا في "بوكافر", Hespress (8 mars 2016), 2016.
- Details
- Article read in full online on 8 November 2026. It presents itself as an excerpt from the author's book (“أوراق بوكافر السرية”, p. 182).
- ⚖
- A journalistic account based, for Adjou Moh, on unnamed “witnesses who lived through these events”; no archive is cited for the facts concerning her. The figure of 40 soldiers killed is not substantiated. The illustration is credited “French archive centre”, without reference, and nothing shows that it depicts her.
- Licence
- Copyrighted press article: reference and brief quotation only.
- ↳
- أوراق بوكافر السرية (Les papiers secrets de Bougafer)
- Known through indirect citationsMoroccan historiographysrc-oumlaid-2014
Oum Laïd, Maïmoun (ميمون أم العيد), أوراق بوكافر السرية (Les papiers secrets de Bougafer), 2014 ?.
- Details
- Known from its online record (Goodreads) and the excerpt published in Hespress. According to the record, the author, a journalist born in Zagora, translates and annotates reports by French intelligence officers covering 27 January to 26 March 1933. The year of publication is not verified.
- Licence
- Copyrighted book; not consulted.
- Excerpts consultedEncyclopedic synthesissrc-wp-fr-pacification
Pacification du Maroc, Wikipédia (français), 2026.
- Details
- Passages on 1933-1934 (Bougafer, Msedrid, Anti-Atlas campaign) and bibliography.
- ⚖
- Tertiary source; unreferenced list of participating officers.
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-SA 4.0.
- Full text consultedAcademic researchsrc-peyron-1982
Peyron, Michael, Compte rendu de : D. Hart, Dadda 'Atta and his Forty Grandsons, Revue de l'Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée, 34, 1982, 149-150, DOI 10.3406/remmm.1982.1970.
- Details
- Full text (2 pages): description of the contents of Hart's book (1981), pages cited and criticisms.
- Licence
- Copyrighted review, freely readable on Persée.
- ↳
- Dadda 'Atta and his Forty Grandsons
- Known through indirect citationsAcademic researchsrc-peyron-2013
Peyron, Michael, Résistances para-nationales chez les Aït Sokhman et Aït Yafelman dans le Haut Atlas marocain (1929-1933), 2013.
- Details
- Not consulted: cited as an external link by the Wikipedia articles.
- Licence
- Copyrighted.
Accessed 2026-11-06· 0 ↩ - Full text consultedAcademic researchsrc-peyron-djalut-1995
Peyron, Michael, Djalut (Jalut, Goliath), Encyclopédie berbère, 16, Aix-en-Provence : Édisud, 1995, 2375-2376.
- Details
- Full entry, read in the OCR of a scan of fascicle XVI uploaded to archive.org by a private individual (unofficial upload); text and pagination checked against the printed page header “2376 / Djalut”.
- ⚖
- A specialist's clarification: Djalut belongs to the “genealogical fictions” of medieval chroniclers, “legends forged after the fact”. Central reference for not presenting Jalut as an ancestor.
- Licence
- Protected work: record and link only; no page reproduced.
- Full text consultedAcademic researchsrc-peyron-merghad-2010
Peyron, Michael, Merghad, Ayt (Ayt Merγad), Encyclopédie berbère, 31, 2010, 4883-4888, DOI 10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.565.
- Details
- Full entry and bibliography.
- ⚖
- Synthesis by the specialist of the eastern High Atlas, based on CHEAM papers (Henry, 1937), A. Skounti's thesis and oral tradition.
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (OpenEdition): short quotations and summary; illustrations “all rights reserved”, not reproduced.
- Full text consultedAcademic researchsrc-peyron-hadiddou-1999
Peyron, Michael, Camps, Gabriel, Hadiddou, Encyclopédie berbère, 21, 1999, 3278-3283, DOI 10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.1848.
- Details
- Full entry.
- ⚖
- Academic synthesis; useful for the membership of the Ait Hdiddou in the Ait Yafelman confederation and for Ou-Sidi of Tilmi.
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (OpenEdition): short quotations and summary; illustrations “all rights reserved”, not reproduced.
- Full text consultedAcademic researchsrc-peyron-1984
Peyron, Michael, Contribution à l'histoire du Haut-Atlas oriental : les Ayt Yafelman, Revue de l'Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée, 38, 1984, 117-135, DOI 10.3406/remmm.1984.2049.
- Details
- Full article via Persée.
- ⚖
- History of the confederation combining written sources and oral tradition collected by the author (informants named and dated).
- Licence
- Copyrighted article, freely readable on Persée: short quotations and summary only.
- Full text consultedAcademic researchsrc-peyron-blog-2013
Peyron, Michael, Résistances para-nationales chez les Ayt Sokhman et Ayt Yafelman dans le Haut Atlas marocain (1929-1933), Blog de Michael Peyron (canalblog), 2013.
- Details
- Full text and bibliography (about sixty references).
- ⚖
- Synthesis by a recognised specialist, but published on a blog without footnotes: each date must be cross-checked. Our most detailed source on the Baddou; its dates of 5-6 August and 8 June 1933 are not yet cross-checked by an archive.
- Licence
- Blog text under the author's copyright: summary and short quotations.
- Bibliographic record onlyAcademic researchsrc-peyron-izli-2003
Peyron, Michael, Izli, Encyclopédie berbère, 25, 2003.
- Details
- Bibliographic record verified; content not consulted.
- ⚖
- Cited by Aoudjit (2023); to be consulted for the form of the couplet.
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (OpenEdition): short quotations and summary; illustrations “all rights reserved”, not reproduced.
· 0 ↩ - Bibliographic record onlyAcademic researchsrc-peyron-awal-1996
Peyron, Michael, Les bardes berbères face à la pénétration militaire française : Maroc central (1914-1933), AWAL. Cahiers d'études berbères, 14, 1996, 47-73.
- Details
- Bibliographic record verified; content not consulted.
- ⚖
- Reference study on war poetry up to 1933; not consulted.
- Licence
- Protected work: record and link only; no page reproduced.
· 0 ↩ - Known through indirect citationsMoroccan historiographysrc-rakkouk-2004
Rakkouk, Allal (علال ركوك), المقاومة المغربية من خلال التراث الشعبي (La résistance marocaine à travers le patrimoine populaire), Rabat : Haut-Commissariat aux anciens résistants et anciens membres de l'Armée de libération (impr. Al-Maarif al-Jadida), 2004.
- Details
- Known from al-Hadik (2017, note 34, p. 199): source of Sidi Baddou Oumessaoud's chant and of the date of 28 February 1933 for Adjou Moh's death.
- Licence
- Copyrighted publication; not consulted.
Accessed 2026-11-08· 1 ↩ - Full text consultedAcademic researchsrc-riser-1988
Riser, J., Anti-Atlas, Encyclopédie berbère, 5, 1988, 776-791, DOI 10.4000/encyclopedieberbere.2522.
- Details
- Full entry, in particular §§ 33-43 (conquest of the Sarhro, 1931-1934).
- ⚖
- A geographer's synthesis, based for 1933 on Saulay (1983): not an independent source from him for the chronology. Colonial vocabulary (“subdued”, “pacified”) used without distance.
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (OpenEdition): short quotations and summary; illustrations “all rights reserved”, not reproduced.
- ↳
- Les combats du Sarhro, février-mars 1933
- Known through indirect citationsColonial literaturesrc-robichez-1949
Robichez, Jean, Article sur la poésie berbère de l'Atlas central (titre non vérifié), Les Temps modernes, 1949.
- Details
- Known only through Bounfour (1989, pp. 91-92): poems collected between 1936 and 1938 by J. Robichez, an officer involved in the conquest.
- Licence
- Not consulted.
Accessed 2026-11-06· 1 ↩ - Excerpts consultedColonial literaturesrc-robichez-1946
Robichez, Jean, Maroc central, 123 photographies commentées, Grenoble ; Paris : B. Arthaud, 1946, 204 p..
- Details
- Pages 48-49 only (plate “Hasso ou Ba Selem” and commentary on the Sarhro and Irhrem Amazdar), seen in a reproduction posted on the forum “Ce Maroc bien aimé”. BnF and Defence catalogue records (subject: “Documentation photographique 1937-39”).
- ⚖
- Album with commentary by a Protectorate officer present in the region in the late 1930s: a direct witness of the places and people photographed, a colonial viewpoint to be read as such.
- Licence
- Probably still in copyright (photographs not credited in the pages seen; author still active in 1949). No page reproduced.
- Bibliographic record onlyAcademic researchsrc-roux-peyron-2002
Roux, Arsène, Peyron, Michael, Poésies berbères de l'époque héroïque : Maroc central (1908-1932), Aix-en-Provence : Édisud, 2002.
- Details
- Bibliographic record verified; content not consulted.
- ⚖
- Major collection of conquest-era poetry (before 1933); not consulted.
- Licence
- Protected work: record and link only; no page reproduced.
· 0 ↩ - Bibliographic record onlyAcademic researchsrc-salime-2022
Salime, Zakia, A Gendered Counter-archive: Mining and Resistance in Morocco, Development and Change, 2022, DOI 10.1111/dech.12726.
- Details
- OpenAlex record and abstract snippets seen through a search engine; the publisher's site blocks automated access (HTTP 403). Content to be read first.
- ⚖
- Sociologist; according to the abstract, timnaḍin are produced by women and men and, in their most political form, kept the memory of Bougafer. Not verified in the text.
- Licence
- Hybrid open-access article according to OpenAlex; not reproduced.
- Full text consultedColonial militarysrc-saulay-1983
Saulay, Jean, Les combats du Sarhro, février-mars 1933, La Koumia (bulletin de l'Association des anciens des Goums marocains et des Affaires indigènes), 88, 1983, 44-64.
- Details
- Full article (pp. 44-64) in the scan of bulletin no. 88 (local corpus, PDF pp. 48-68; pp. 23-24 missing from the scan). Text read on SAGHRO's OCR; every quotation used was checked on the page image (see the evidence register).
- ⚖
- Very detailed account by a former goum officer for the fiftieth anniversary, based on the operation reports (Giraud), Spillmann's notes and General Huré's book. Colonial military perspective: vocabulary of “submission” and “unsubdued”, praise of the officers. The only consulted source giving French and auxiliary losses for 23 and 28 February and the stages of the negotiations; with Hart, it lists the conditions of the aman; it gives no figure for Aït Atta losses (“far greater”).
- Licence
- Copyrighted association bulletin, put online by the association: short quotations, no page reproduced.
- ↳
- La Pacification du Maroc. Dernière étape : 1931-1934
- Excerpts consultedAcademic researchsrc-shatzmiller-1983
Shatzmiller, Maya, Le mythe d'origine berbère (aspects historiographiques et sociaux), Revue de l'Occident musulman et de la Méditerranée, 35, 1983, 145-156, DOI 10.3406/remmm.1983.1986.
- Details
- Passages on Jalut (pp. 146-147).
- ⚖
- Reference study on the medieval making of oriental genealogies for the Berbers.
- Licence
- Copyrighted article, freely readable on Persée: short quotations and summary only.
- Known through indirect citationsAcademic researchsrc-skounti-1995
Skounti, Ahmed, Le sang et le sol. Les implications socioculturelles de la sédentarisation : cas des nomades Ayt Merghad (Maroc), Paris : EHESS, 1995.
- Details
- Known through Peyron (EB 31, 2010) and Wikipedia's bibliography.
- ⚖
- Anthropology thesis by a member of the Skounti family: a major source to consult on Zayd ou-Skounti and the Ayt Ayssa Izem.
- Licence
- Protected work: record and link only; no page reproduced.
· 0 ↩ - Full text consultedColonial literaturesrc-soubrier-1946
Soubrier, Jacques, Bournazel, l'ancien ennemi, Magazine non identifié, vers 1946, 1363-1365.
- Details
- Three pages read on an image supplied in the project library. The magazine's title does not appear. Date inferred from the text: “Bougafer, after thirteen years, has remained almost intact”, and Assou Oubasslam is “now caid of Tinerhir”.
- ⚖
- A retrospective travel account written in the colonial heroic register. The words of an unnamed sheikh are reported by the journalist: they cannot be verified.
- Licence
- Copyrighted: reference, page and short quotation only.
Accessed 2026-11-08· 3 ↩ - Excerpts consultedColonial militarysrc-spillmann-ar-2007
Spillmann, Georges, Boukbout, Mohamed (traduction et annotation), آيت عطا الصحراء وتهدئة أفلاً ن. درا. Traduction arabe annotée de Les Aït Atta du Sahara et la pacification du Haut Dra (1936), Série Traduction, 10, Rabat : Institut royal de la culture amazighe (IRCAM), Centre des études historiques et environnementales, 2007.
- Details
- Arabic translation by M. Boukbout (IRCAM, 2007), local copy of 145 pp. Read on 8 November 2026: pp. 1-5 and 29-41 (character, history, organisation), 57-81 (part three: the five khmas and their tribes, situation at the end of 1930), 107-116 (occupation of Tazarine and the Saghro, 1932-1933), 137-138. The original's pagination (1936) appears in the translation between slashes; the translator's notes often correct Spillmann.
- ⚖
- Work by a Native Affairs officer who took part in the conquest, written to justify it: his judgements on the “character” of the tribes and his ethnic explanations are those of the colonial administration. It remains the most detailed description of the five khmas around 1930. The translator corrects and supplements it from Hart and his own research.
- Licence
- “Printing rights reserved to IRCAM” (colophon). Short quotations only.
- ↳
- Les Aït Atta du Sahara et la pacification du Haut Dra
Accessed 2026-11-07· 22 ↩ - Bibliographic record onlyColonial militarysrc-spillmann-ar-2014
Spillmann, Georges, المؤيد، محمد (traduction), المغرب من الحماية إلى الاستقلال 1912-1956. Traduction arabe d'un ouvrage de Georges Spillmann, Rabat : Manchourat Amal, 2014.
- Details
- Digital copy in the local corpus: title page and colophon read for identification; content not yet used.
- Licence
- 2014 edition, in copyright. Short quotations only.
Accessed 2026-11-07· 0 ↩ - Bibliographic record onlyColonial militarysrc-spillmann-besm-1936
Spillmann, Georges, Nomadisme et sédentarisation en Pays Aït-Atta, Bulletin économique et social du Maroc, 12, 1936.
- Details
- Digital copy in the local corpus: title page and colophon read for identification; content not yet used.
- Licence
- Author died in 1980: protected work. Short quotations only.
Accessed 2026-11-07· 0 ↩ - Excerpts consultedColonial militarysrc-spillmann-1931
Spillmann, Georges, Districts et tribus de la haute vallée du Draʿ, Villes et tribus du Maroc, vol. IX (Tribus berbères), 1931.
- Details
- Only the table of contents and a few pages of tables from the end of the study are in the file supplied; the study has not been used.
- Licence
- Copyrighted: reference, page and short quotation only.
Accessed 2026-11-08· 0 ↩ - Full text consultedMoroccan historiographysrc-stitou-2023
Stitou, Abdellah, Magistrats et patrimoine judiciaire au sud du Maroc. Cour suprême d'« Ighrem Amazdar » à titre d'exemple, Colloque international de l'AHJUCAF, Cour de cassation, Rabat, 16-17 mars 2023, 2023, 8 p..
- Details
- Text of the paper read in full (8 pp.).
- ⚖
- A conference paper without references: its claims (the “court” founded in the late 18th century, six permanent bodies) are not corroborated by any other source read.
- Licence
- Copyrighted: reference, page and short quotation only.
Accessed 2026-11-08· 1 ↩ - Full text consultedGeographic datasrc-terrain-tiles
Terrain Tiles (modèle numérique de terrain, encodage Terrarium), Mapzen / Amazon Web Services Open Data.
- Details
- Elevation tiles used for relief, hillshade and 3D view.
- Licence
- Open data; attribution to the underlying sources (SRTM, ETOPO1, etc.) per the dataset documentation.
- Known through indirect citationsColonial militarysrc-voinot-1939
Voinot, Louis, Sur les traces glorieuses des pacificateurs du Maroc, Paris : Charles-Lavauzelle, 1939.
- Details
- Quoted by Yabiladi (losses of 25 August 1933); not consulted.
- ⚖
- Commemorative book of the colonial army; the figures attributed to it remain to be verified in the original.
- Licence
- Protected work: record and link only; no page reproduced.
· 1 ↩ - Full text consultedEncyclopedic synthesissrc-wikidata
Wikidata — éléments consultés (Q16531628 bataille de Bougafer ; Q553522 Catroux ; Q318122 Giraud ; Q4775491 Huré ; Q2868274 Assou Oubasslam ; Q3133179 Bournazel), Wikidata, 2026.
- Details
- Battle start (13 February 1933) and end (25 March 1933) dates; birth and death years of Catroux (1877-1969) and Giraud (1879-1949) from the item descriptions; FR/EN/AR labels.
- Licence
- Data under CC0.
- ↳
- Bataille de Bougafer
- Bibliographic record onlyColonial militarysrc-windrow-1999
Windrow, Martin, French Foreign Legion 1914-1945, Oxford : Osprey, 1999.
- Details
- Bibliographic record verified; content not consulted.
- ⚖
- Popular military history cited by Wikipedia (p. 18) for 12 legionnaires killed on 28 February; not read.
- Licence
- Protected work: record and link only; no page reproduced.
· 0 ↩ - Full text consultedMoroccan historiographysrc-youssefi-2020
Youssefi, Abdelmajid (عبد المجيد يوسفي), المقاومة بين الشعور الديني والشعور الوطني : نموذج معركة بوكافر (La résistance entre sentiment religieux et sentiment national : le cas de la bataille du Bougafer), Manar al-Islam (منار الإسلام), 2020.
- Details
- Article read in full on 8 November 2026 (last update shown: 15 March 2020). The author, a history and geography teacher in Tinghir, quotes two lines of an Aït Atta chant on the Bougafer after M. Boukbout (p. 146), in Arabic-script transcription with translation, and three lines by a woman poet named “عدجو يشو” after L. S. Amrani.
- ⚖
- Popular article with an argumentative aim (the role of religious feeling in the resistance); it gives its sources in notes. The poet “عدجو يشو” is not Adjou Moh; one of her lines uses the name of a religious community as an insult and is not reproduced here.
- Licence
- Copyrighted online article; short quotations only.
- Full text consultedEncyclopedic synthesissrc-wp-fr-ouskounti
Zaïd Ou Hsaïn Ou Skounti, Wikipédia (français), 2026, rév. 236188045.
- Details
- Full article (revision indicated), examined claim by claim: see the “Wikipedia check” page.
- ⚖
- Tertiary source, never used alone for an important claim.
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-SA 4.0. Summarised and checked claim by claim, not copied.
- Excerpts consultedAcademic researchsrc-zenkouar-2004
Zenkouar, Lahbib, L'écriture amazighe tifinaghe et Unicode, Études et documents berbères, 22, 2004, 175-192.
- Details
- Local copy. Read: pp. 175-176 (stakes of encoding); skimmed: pp. 177-192 (Unicode properties, normalisation, IRCAM's approach to ISO).
- Licence
- Copyrighted publication; short quotations and reference only.
Accessed 2026-11-08· 0 ↩ - Full text consultedForeign presssrc-detijd-1933-08-22
Zware verliezen in Marokko, De Tijd : godsdienstig-staatkundig dagblad ('s-Hertogenbosch), n° 27114, 22 août 1933, édition du soir, 1933, p. 9.
- Details
- Whole item read on the image of page 9 (cropped from the KB's ALTO coordinates), on 8 November 2026.
- ⚖
- Reprint of a Reuter dispatch from Paris relaying L'Humanité: same text in three newspapers, a single line of evidence.
- Licence
- Anonymous 1932-1933 agency dispatch, in the public domain; facsimile on Delpher (KB). Quotation and working translation by SAGHRO.
- ↳
- L'Humanité (article cité par une dépêche Reuter du 22 août 1933)
- Full text consultedEncyclopedic synthesissrc-wp-ar-ouskounti
زايد أوسكونتي, ويكيبيديا (العربية), 2026, rév. 76211137.
- Details
- Full article (revision indicated), examined claim by claim: see the “Wikipedia check” page.
- ⚖
- Tertiary source, never used alone for an important claim.
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-SA 4.0. Summarised and checked claim by claim, not copied.
- Full text consultedEncyclopedic synthesissrc-wp-ar-baddou
معركة بادو, ويكيبيديا (العربية), 2026, rév. 69896996.
- Details
- Full article (revision indicated), examined claim by claim: see the “Wikipedia check” page.
- ⚖
- Tertiary source, never used alone for an important claim.
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-SA 4.0. Summarised and checked claim by claim, not copied.
- Full text consultedEncyclopedic synthesissrc-wp-ar-bougafer
معركة بوغافر, ويكيبيديا (العربية), 2026, rév. 76989698.
- Details
- Full article (revision indicated), examined claim by claim: see the “Wikipedia check” page.
- ⚖
- Tertiary source, never used alone for an important claim.
- Licence
- Text under CC BY-SA 4.0. Summarised and checked claim by claim, not copied.
- Identified, not accessibleMoroccan presssrc-hespress-archives
وثائق فرنسية تكشف تفاصيل معركة "بوكافر" وتاريخ قبائل آيت عطا, Hespress.
- Details
- Article not loaded (site unreachable from our environment). Only the title and an indexed snippet are known: French archives on the battle reportedly cover the first four months of 1933 and contain hundreds of documents.
- Licence
- Copyrighted press article.
Search the catalogues
Gallica (BnF) and several archival holdings could not be queried automatically. These links open the corresponding searches at the institutions.
- Gallica (BnF) — « Bou Gafer » ↗
- Gallica (BnF) — « Sagho » ↗
- Persée — « Sarhro » ↗
- Cairn — « Bougafer » ↗
- Internet Archive — « Saghro » ↗
- HathiTrust — « Ait Atta » ↗
- WorldCat — « Ait Atta » ↗
- Catalogue général BnF — « Aït Atta » ↗
- Sudoc — « Aït Atta » ↗
- Mémoire des hommes (SHD) ↗
- Service historique de la Défense ↗
- Archives nationales d'outre-mer (IREL) ↗
- Bibliothèque nationale du Royaume du Maroc ↗
- IRCAM ↗